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Dissertation

Literature review sources

"The Impact of Transformational & Transactional Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in the Retail Industry of Liverpool ONE and The BID Area"

Sources used in literature review

Taken directly from my dissertation, written using the Harvard referencing standard.

• Adnan, M., Ali, M.A., Malik, A. and Rafiq, S. (2022) Transformational and Transactional Leadership as a Function of Employee Performance. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies [online], 8(2), pp.557–566. Available from: <ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴇᴅ ᴘʀɪᴠᴀᴛᴇ ʟʜᴜ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ʟɪɴᴋ> [accessed 21 April 2025].
• Alliger, G.M., DeVader, C.L. and Lord, R.G. (1986). A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Personality Traits and Leadership Perceptions: an Application of Validity Generalization Procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, pp.402–410. Available from: (Northouse, 2019).
• Bader, P., Kemp, C. and Zaccaro, S.J. (2017, republished 2018) Leader Traits and Attributes. Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. (eds.), The Nature of Leadership, 3rd ed, pp.29–55. California: SAGE Publications. Available from: (Northouse, 2019).
• Bass, B.M. (1990). From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics [online], 18(3), pp.19–31. Available from: <citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c803d21b3367a960ab570009dc572e73df1fff84> [accessed 9 April 2025].
• Blanchard, K.H. and Hersey, P. (1977) Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Available from: (Shaw and Williams, 2019).
• Burns, J.M. (1978) Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
• Galton, F. (1869) Hereditary Genius: an Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences [online]. London: Macmillan and Co. Available from: <galton.org/books/hereditary-genius/text/pdf/galton-1869-genius-v5.pdf> [accessed 5 April 2025].
• Kirkpatrick, S.A. and Locke, E.A. (1991) Leadership: Do Traits Matter? The Executive, 5, pp.48–60. Available from: (Northouse, 2019).
• Mann, R.D. (1959) A Review of the Relationships between Personality and Performance in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin [online], 56(4), pp.241–270. Available from: <gwern.net/docs/iq/1959-mann.pdf> [accessed 8 April 2025].
• Northouse, P.G. (2019) Leadership: Theory and Practice, 8th ed. [excerpt: pp.19-42]. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Available from: <sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/110623_book_item_110623.pdf> [accessed 7 April 2025].
• Shaw, H. and Williams, J. (2019) Situational Leadership [online]. Practice Supervisor Development Programme. Devon: PSDP [content from: (Blanchard and Hersey, 1977)]. Available from: <practice-supervisors.rip.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Situational-leadership.pdf> [accessed 22 April 2025].
• Stogdill, R.M. (1948) Personal Factors Associated with Leadership: a Survey of the Literature. The Journal of Psychology, 25(1), pp.35–71. Available from: (Northouse, 2019).
• Stogdill, R.M. (1974) Handbook of Leadership. New York: Free Press. Available from: (Northouse, 2019).